CHAPSO

Ammonium Sulfate. (NH4)₂SO₄ is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses.

Kanamycin Sulfate solution is an aminoglycoside antibiotic consisting of a six-membered aminocyclitol ring attached to aminosugar side chains through glycosidic bonds. Kanamycin Sulfate solution acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, and compromising translational fidelity in susceptible bacteria.

The β-galactosidase substrate X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic stain for β-gal activity, and is commonly used to distinguish between recombinants and nonrecombinants by lacZ α-complementation with appropriate vectors and hosts.

HEPES Solution is a biological buffer useful in cell culture media. Selection of suitable nutrient medium is dependent on type of cell, conditions of culture, and degree of chemical definition required for the cell culture application.

SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant. SDS is commonly used in laboratory as a component of buffer for cell lysis, cell lysis during DNA extraction, and mostly in SDS-PAGE running buffer. Indeed, SDS is an anionic detergent applied to protein samples to linearize proteins and to impart a negative charge to linearized proteins.

5M solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in high purity dH₂O. Solution is 0.2 μm filtered and dispensed into durable, square Nalgene bottles.

5M solution of betaine in MilliQ H2O. DNase, RNase free.

Low concentration solutions of DNA are prone to DNA degradation or other loss. It is critical that optimal methods are employed for DNA suspension and long-term storage.

EDTA, 0.5 M, pH 8.0, is a sterile-filtered solution of 0.5 M EDTA in H₂O treated with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC).

TRITON X-114 is used in biochemical applications to solubilize and separate proteins due to its low cloud point (23 °C).

Tris Buffered Saline (TBS) is an isotonic, non-toxic buffer used in some biomedical techniques to maintain pH within a relatively narrow range. TBS can shift pH relatively drastically as temperature changes, with the pKa declining approximately 0.03 units per degree Celsius rise in temperature.

Brij-35 (30% Solution) is a nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactant that is most frequently used as a component of cell lysis buffers or as a surfactant in various HPLC applications.

TWEEN 20 helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding in enzyme immunoassay as a washing agent (e.g. Western blots and ELISAs). In this major application, it is dissolved in Tris-Buffered Saline or Phosphate buffered saline at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v.

DEPC-treated Water is deionized, high quality, molecular biology grade water.

25% Triton X-100 is a commonly used detergent in laboratories.